The separation of a gaseous mixture into constituent gases has proven to be useful for a variety of industrial and commercial applications. Currently CO2 can be separated from multi-component gas streams using compression and refrigeration techniques in order to condense the CO2 out of a vapor phase so that it can be mechanically separated from the stream. These techniques require a significant amount of energy expenditure, as well as, additional system complexity.
This patent-pending invention addresses the above issues by applying two aerodynamic techniques that both cool the gas and change the phase of the CO2 component from a vapor into a solid so that it may be mechanically separated from the stream.
The method first pressurizes the multi-component gas stream to the point where it may be accelerated to a supersonic speed through a converging-diverging nozzle. This process cools the gas stream without refrigeration to the point where CO2 changes phase from a vapor to a solid thereby eliminating the need for an energy-intensive compression and refrigeration cycle. After this expansion, the gas is in a supersonic state and is passed through a series of oblique shock waves. These shock waves gently increase the pressure and temperature of the mixture such that CO2 remains in a solid state while the other components stay in a gas phase.
Since the invention has been shown to be useful to separate CO2 from a multi-component gas stream, it has potential for future application in any fossil fuel burning power generation system where CO2 gas is generated as a by-product.
