For example, the cement slurry needs to have a low viscosity to enable it to be easily pumped to a greater depth. High pressures and temperatures can alter the setting behavior of the cement, so the slurry must be specially designed for predetermined downhole conditions. If the cement sets too quickly the well can be lost; too slowly can mean an expensive loss in drilling time and possible communication behind pipe due to fluid influx.

The long-term integrity of the cement under harsh pressure and temperature conditions is also important. Poor cement qualities over time can result in casing corrosion and collapse, fluid migration behind pipe, or loss of support and formation-to-pipe seal. Formation fluids high in carbon dioxide are particularly effective at causing cement to deteriorate; in some cases within five years.

New cements for deep drilling must exhibit high strength and low viscosity; be easy to mix and pump, be impermeable, and able to endure cycling stresses for long periods of time. Newer additives (e.g., ultralight hollow glass spheres) are needed to improve the deep drilling applicability of cements without compromising strength, heat resistance, and permeability.