Primary Performer	Project Number	Project Name	Objective	Start Date	End Date
Colorado School of Mines	DE-AC22-89BC14478	Laboratory Modeling and Field Development of Borehole Seismic Imaging Techniques Using Wavefield Measurements.	Develop processing, imaging, and interpretation techniques to increase the resolution of crosswell seismic data that is used to image oil reservoirs and select optimal oil production strategies.	9/24/1989	3/31/1994
High Resolution Seismics	DE-FG05-91ER81240	A Borehole Tubewave Damper Probe for High-Resolution Seismic Applications	Design a borehole tubewave damper probe that uses effective proven surge suppression techniques to prevent tubewaves from interfering with vertical seismic profile data collection.	10/1/1990	9/30/1991
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory	P-217 (FEW 4340-55)	Downhole Seismic Source for Look-Ahead Pore-Pressure Prediction While Drilling	Develop a downhole seismic source capable of operating behind the drill bit while drilling. Produce a high-frequency seismic signal directed ahead of the drill bit. Develop a downhole source that is capable of penetrating subsurface structures for several hundred feet, that does not require tethered operation from the surface, and that derives its power from normal downhole drilling operations.	6/12/2001	6/11/2003
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory	ACTI-003	Large Downhole Seismic Sensor Array	Reduce the costs of borehole seismic surveys by creating a new downhole seismic information acquisition and processing system that is factor-operated, less expensive to build, and easier to deploy than existing systems. Implement a commercialization plan that places the system quickly into the hands of service companies, where it will be available on a fair and equitable basis to all customers.	3/1/1995	3/31/2001
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	P-45	Development of Single-Well Seismic Imaging Technology	Develop new technologies to increase the resolution of single-well seismic imaging in the areas of seismic acquisition hardware; seismic sources and receivers, telemetry and recording devices; and techniques to minimize borehole noise effects.	7/1/1997	3/31/2001
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	P-103 FEW 5248	Frequency-Dependent Seismic Attributes of Fluids in Poorly Consolidated Sands	Provide the theoretical basis for frequency-dependent amplitude attributes associated with multiple fluid and gas phases in poorly consolidated sands for a range of consolidation conditions. Explore the possibility of new seismic attributes. Use numerical modeling to examine optimum 3-D seismic acquisition geometries and processing schemes for illuminating these attributes in poorly consolidated sand reservoirs.  Apply the results of these analyses to 4-D seismic imaging.	2/15/1999	3/14/2002
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	P-204 FEW G301	High-Speed 3-D Hybrid Elastic Seismic Modeling	Develop an efficient 3D elastic forward modeling algorithm that will significantly improve computation efficiency and accuracy over what is currently available.  Decompose the original three-dimensional model into parts where wave propagation will be computed using the optimal spatial parameterization for each particular subdomain. Use local boundary condition matching at high contrast interfaces to eliminate artifacts from grid discretization.   Extend and modify 3D uniform grid acoustic and elastic codes previously developed.	4/15/2000	4/14/2003
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	FEW ESD99-001	Imaging, Modeling, Measurement, and Scaling of Multiphase-Flow Processes	Develop methodologies based on advanced imaging technology for rapid and accurate measurement of petrophysical properties and prediction of engineering parameters needed for reservoir simulation.	2/15/1999	3/14/2003
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	FEW ESD-51A(4676)	LBL/Industry Heterogeneous Reservoir Performance Definition	Combine geophysical and hydrological techniques for characterizing heterogeneous reservoirs in the most optimal (economic) manner. Develop a methodology that can be used by the petroleum industry in a variety of heterogeneous regimes for characterizing and predicting the performance of petroleum reservoirs.	4/1/1992	3/31/1995
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	FEW ESD-11(ESD-38)	Multifrequency Crosshole EM Imaging for Reservoir Characterization	Develop and apply high-resolution multifrequency electromagnetic techniques for oilfield reservoir characterization. Extend the wave field (q-domain) imaging method to include multi-frequency data from crosshole and surface-to-borehole experiments. Develop a 3-D nonlinear inversion scheme using the integral equation method; and continue scale-model experiments.	10/1/1992	9/30/1994
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	P-221 (G305)	Rapid Imaging of Interwell Fluid Saturations Using Seismic and Multiphase Production Data	Develop a method to integrate high-resolution seismic data with field production history to infer interwell fluid saturation distributions. Develop key elements of a very fast streamline-based flow simulation technique and an extremely efficient method for coupling seismic inversion with production history matching. Produce  practical, PC-based, software tools that provide high-resolution saturation estimates in the inter-well region by combining well log, seismic, and production data.	3/31/2001	3/30/2003
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	P-225 FEW G306	Testing and Validation of High-Resolution Fluid Imaging in Real Time	Investigate the feasibility of simultaneously inverting different types of geophysical data (electromagnetic and seismic) linked through a rock physics model to produce a single self-consistent earth model parameterized by hydrological parameters (porosity, fluid and gas saturations etc) rather than geophysical parameters. If such an inversion is feasible, develop specific algorithms to use surface (land or marine) data and assess these algorithms in terms of parameter resolution and computations requirements.	4/12/2001	4/11/2004
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	P-40	Acquisition of Borehole Seismic Data Behind Production Tubing/Reducing Certain Seismic Data Acquisition Costs Through Shaped Charges	Design one or more shaped charges as a seismic source to improve data quality and reduce undesirable environmental effects.	6/20/1996	3/31/1999
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	P-222 FEW 0082	Autonomous Monitoring of Production	Demonstrate a semi-autonomous system that is sensitive enough to monitor small changes in production rates and reduces manpower previously needed to collect the same data.	6/12/2001	6/11/2004
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	ACTI-026/107	Computer Simulation of Nuclear Well Logging	Provide the advanced algorithms needed for computer modeling of nuclear logging tool performance.	10/1/1995	9/30/1998
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	FEW 6038	Oilfield Characterization and Process Monitoring Using Electromagnetic Methods	Apply surface and borehole electromagnetic methods for oil-field characterization and monitoring of in situ changes in electrical conductivity during enhanced oil recovery operations.	10/1/1984	9/30/1993
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	FEW 0031	Steel Casing Crosshole Electromagnetic (EM) Imaging	Develop and apply cross- and single-well electromagnetic tomography to image reservoir properties through steel casing.	10/1/1993	4/15/2002
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	ACTI-074	Vertical Seismic Profiling While Drilling	Exploit a new, patented technology that uses seismic signals generated by a drill bit and produces a reverse vertical seismic profile.	3/1/1995	12/31/1999
Los Alamos National Laboratory	P-24 FEW A075	Advanced Sensor Technology for Microborehole and Other Seismic Applications/Microborehole Seismic Instrumentation	Develop and evaluate miniature seismic sensors for use in microboreholes.	10/4/1993	3/14/2002
Los Alamos National Laboratory	P-14	Binary Explosive Seismic Source Development	Evaluate the feasibility of a totally new downhole seismic-source concept that will permit the imaging of oil reservoir structure and properties at much larger interwell distances and higher resolution than is currently possible. Demonstrate the continuous manufacture, encapsulation, and repetitive detonation of a binary liquid explosive mixture underwater.	4/30/1991	2/28/1994
Los Alamos National Laboratory	FEW 02FE08	High-Resolution Microseismic Monitoring	Develop inclusive robust event clustering procedures to classify diverse and spatially extensive event sets into similar groups. Determined relative arrival times within event groups using advanced waveform cross-correlation techniques.	5/3/2002	5/2/2003
Los Alamos National Laboratory	P-205 FEW AA04	Next-Generation Seismic Modeling and Imaging	Understand and model 3-D wave propagation in complex geological settings and develop and test new, faster, more reliable seismic imaging methods.	4/15/2000	4/14/2003
FEW 9197	Los Alamos National Laboratory	Mapping Conductivity Fractures Using a Through-Tubing-Deployed Geophone Array (Mono-Cable Telemetry for a Through-Tubing Geophone Array)	Evaluate the potential for using microseismicity induced through production, injection, and stimulation to determine the location of conductive fractures that control oil and natural gas recovery and develop monitoring tools to minimize the cost and deferred production required to obtain the seismic data.		6/1/1992	9/30/1995	Donald S. Dreesen
Los Alamos National Laboratory	FEW 9999	Pore-Scale Flow and Examination of the Effects of Scaling on Improved Oil Recovery Processes	Apply new computational techniques to more accurately predict relative permeability used for simulation studies of waterflooding and other enhanced oil recovery processes. Apply a novel computational tool previously developed to model pore-scale phenomena and study the scaling of these phenomena from the micro scale to the reservoir scale.	5/10/1991	6/4/1995
Los Alamos National Laboratory	P-19	Sub-Salt Seismic Imaging Program	Advance 3-D seismic technology for imaging sedimentary structures lying beneath salt bodies in the Gulf of Mexico by developing capabilities in 3-D prestack depth migration.  Research and develop migration computer algorithms, define optimum computer architectures, and specify data input/output systems. Develop methods of seismic velocity analysis/estimation and evaluate technologies for visualizing and interpreting seismic images for geological structure and reservoir description.	10/1/1993	7/4/1995
Michigan Technological University	DE-AC26-98BC15135	Calibration of Seismic Attributes for Reservoir Characterization	Provide a sound physical basis for the use of seismic attributes as tools for reservoir characterization. Use three reservoirs to develop and evaluate methods to calibrate seismic attributes among the various scales of measurement.	9/29/1998	9/29/2002
Sandia National Laboratory	P-20	Advanced Telemetry Project	Develop a complete 200°C fiber-optic telemetry system. Develop techniques to operate LEDs and/or laser diodes at 200°C and field-prove them with existing five-level receiver/digitizers. Work with a major wireline manufacturer to provide a high-reliability, low-cost fiber optic wireline for public use.	7/1/1993	6/30/1995
Sandia National Laboratory	P-200	Coupled Geomechanical Deformation, Fluid Flow and Seismic	Develop a sophisticated, state-of-the-art, two-way coupled fluid flow and geomechanical deformation modeling code that is 3-D, uses a finite element discretization, and runs in parallel for delivering output for feasibility studies of seismic time-lapse imaging of weak formations reservoirs.	4/15/2000	3/14/2003
Sandia National Laboratory	FEW 2836.600	Development of a 3-Component Borehole Seismic Source	Develop a clamped, vibratory borehole seismic source that will provide both P- and S-waves with high-output energy over a broad frequency range.	9/30/1991	12/31/1999
Sandia National Laboratory	P-44	Development of Single-Well Imaging Systems	Develop source and receiver system interfaces and upgrades that will allow testing of different combinations of sources and receivers in single-well data acquisition systems.	6/30/1996	4/14/2001
Sandia National Laboratory	FEW 2836.400	Geomechanics of Horizontally Drilled, Stress-Sensitive, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs	Determine the effects of rock properties, in-situ stresses, and changes in effective stress on the performance of horizontal wells in stress-sensitive, naturally fractured reservoirs.	6/23/1991	9/30/1993
Sandia National Laboratory	P-203	Inversion of Full-Waveform Seismic Data for Thee-Dimensional Elastic Parameters	Address the full-waveform elastic inverse problem in three spatial dimensions using parallel computational software and hardware. Investigate theoretical and algorithmic issues associated with both elastic forward modeling and inversion.	4/15/2000	4/14/2003
Sandia National Laboratory	P-301	Offshore Oilfield Characterization with EM Methods	Develop a high-temperature acoustic telemetry tool for the geothermal industry and construct a low-temperature version for a geothermal tool capable of operating at raw baud rates up to 100.	3/27/2002	3/26/2004
Sandia National Laboratory	ACTI-034	Single-Well Seismic Imaging of Salt Dome Flanks	Use computational tools to improve the recovery of oil and gas from existing and future Gulf Coast fields through single-well imaging of reservoirs along the flanks of salt dome structures.	3/1/1995	9/30/1996
Sandia National Laboratory	FEW 2836.100	Wireless Telemetry Tool for Well-Production Monitoring	Develop a new commercial tool that can collect downhole pressure and temperature data in a production well and transmit it to the surface via sound waves propagating in the production tubing.	10/1/1993	3/31/2000
Southwest Research Institute	DE-AC22-89BC14473	Demonstration of High-Resolution Inverse VSP for Reservoir Characterization Applications	Improve inverse VSP technology by investigating techniques for coupling high-frequency, three-component seismic detectors to competent earth material. Investigate coupling techniques using a prototype high-frequency downhole source that will eliminate the detrimental effects of the weathered zone on seismic signals.	9/27/1989	12/31/1991
Tomoseis Incorporated	02-95ER86019	Crosswell Reflection Imaging with Amplitude Corrections	Illustrate that reservoir characterization studies and horizontal well injection technology can overcome poor reservoir continuity and  injectivity in   waterflood performance. Compare the cost/benefit of using state-of-the-art data versus conventional data for waterflood optimization and horizontal well placement. Implement a technology transfer plan that targets regional independent operators through technical workshops.	9/30/1995	9/29/1997
University of Houston	DE-FC26-01BC15353	Development & Calibration of New 3-D Vector VSP Imaging Technology, Vinton Salt Dome	Improve the processing of subsurface data and develop technology to increase resolution of reservoir compartmentalization, reservoir geometries, and prediction of fluid saturations. Extract information that will aid in predicting hydrocarbons, improve the velocity/depth model, and improve subsurface resolution using a unique 3-D vector VSP collected in conjunction with 3-D surface data from a 100-year-old field associated with the Vinton, LA, salt dome.	9/25/2001	8/31/2004