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Title:	Thermal Plant Emissions Due to Intermittent Renewable Power Integration
Publication Number:	DOE/NETL-404/102909
Publication Date:	May 2011
Publication Type:	Report/Publication
Contact:	Maria A. Hanley (maria.hanley@netl.doe.gov)
Program/Technology:	Climate Combustion Electricity Grid Environmental & Water Turbines
Author:	Jay Apt (CMU) Warren Katzenstein (CMU)
Synopsis:	Answering the question of whether operating one or more natural-gas turbines to firm variable wind or solar power would result in increased Nitrous oxide (NOx) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to full-power steady-state operation of natural-gas turbines, the analysis demonstrates that CO2 emissions reductions are likely to be 75-80% of those presently assumed by policy makers. NOx reduction depends strongly on the type of NOx control and how it is dispatched. For the best system examined, using 20% renewable penetration, the NOx reductions are 30-50% of those expected; in the worst, emissions increased by 2-4 times the expected reductions.
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